Gallstones: A Comprehensive Guide

Learn about gallstones, their causes, symptoms, and effective treatment options available at NITYASEVA Hospital.

Diagram of gallbladder and gallstones

What are Gallstones?

Gallstones are hardened deposits of cholesterol, bilirubin, or other substances that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located near the liver. Most people with gallstones don't experience any symptoms.

However, if a gallstone blocks a bile duct, it can cause significant pain and other complications.


Types of Gallstones

The two main types of gallstones are:

  • Cholesterol Gallstones: Most common type, made up of hardened cholesterol.
  • Pigment Gallstones: Less common, formed from bilirubin, a waste product from red blood cells.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The most common symptom of gallstones is sudden and severe pain in the upper right abdomen or between the shoulder blades. Other symptoms may include:

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Loss of appetite
  • Indigestion
  • Bloating

Diagnosis of gallstones typically involves a combination of methods:

  • Medical history and physical examination
  • Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or HIDA scan (hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan)

When to Seek Medical Attention

Consult a doctor if you notice a new lump, experience rapid growth, pain, redness, or drainage from the lump.

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