Fistula: Causes, Types, and Treatment

What is a Fistula?

A fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway that forms between two organs or vessels that don't typically connect. These abnormal connections can occur in various parts of the body and may lead to complications if left untreated.

Types of Fistulas

Fistulas can be categorized based on their location and underlying cause:

• Anal Fistula: Connects the anal canal/rectum to the skin near the anus (often from infection/inflammation).
• Enteroenteric Fistula: Forms between segments of the small or large intestine (due to inflammatory bowel disease or surgical complications).
• Enterovaginal Fistula: Connects the bowel (small or large) to the vagina (causing fecal incontinence, vaginal discharge, infections).
• Rectovaginal Fistula: Connects the rectum to the vagina (from childbirth injuries, inflammatory bowel disease, radiation therapy, or surgical complications).
• Ureterovaginal Fistula: Connects the ureter (urine tube) to the vagina (leading to urinary incontinence and infections).

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis requires a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional, including imaging studies (MRI/CT scans) and specialized tests.

Treatment depends on the specific type and severity of the fistula. NITYASEVA Hospital offers advanced solutions including:

• Minimally invasive procedures like fistulotomy, seton placement, and fistula repair.
• Collaborative care with colorectal surgeons, gastroenterologists, and urologists (if needed).